chinaroby.com

  Key Differences Between ISA and PCI Slots ? Key Differences Between ISA and PCI Slots ‌1. Historical Context‌ ‌ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)‌: Originated in 1981 with IBM's PC/XT systems, later expanded to 16-bit in 1984 for the PC/AT27. Dominated the 1980s–1990s as the primary interface for peripherals like sound cards and modems16. Gradually phased out after PCI's introduction in the mid-1990s67. ‌PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)‌: Developed by Intel in 1993 as a successor to ISA and VESA Local Bus38. Became mainstream in consumer PCs with the release of Pentium processors in 1994 945 ISA Mainboard     2. Physical Design‌ ‌ISA‌: Black-colored, long slots (36/68 pins) located at the motherboard's bottom edge15. Occupies significant space due to large connector size47. ‌PCI‌: White-colored, shorter slots positioned above ISA slots (on legacy boards)8. Compact design optimized for modern motherboard layouts38. 3 . Application Scenarios‌ ‌ISA Legacy Use‌:...

  Current Application Domains of ISA Slots Current Application Domains of ISA Slots 1. Industrial Automation Control ‌Low-speed device compatibility‌: ISA's 8MHz clock aligns with the communication requirements of industrial sensors and relays, ensuring stable timing synchronization in distributed control systems. ‌Large-scale device networking‌: With 24-bit address lines, ISA supports connectivity for over 2,000 devices, enabling complex monitoring networks in chemical plants and oil pipelines68. 2. Military Equipment Maintenance ‌Legacy system support‌: Russian-made missile test systems (e.g., S-300) rely on ISA-based control circuits for lifespan extension through custom interface replacements8. ‌EMI resilience‌: ISA's simplified signal validation outperforms PCI in high-interference battlefield environments68. 3. Specialized Industry Applications ‌Medical device upgrades‌: ECG machines integrate ISA slots for analog signal acquisition modules, leveraging mature driver ecosy...

  ISA( Industry Standard Architecture ) Short for Industry Standard Architecture, ISA was introduced by  IBM and headed by Mark Dean. ISA was originally an 8-bit computer bus that was later expanded to a 16-bit bus in 1984. When this bus was originally released, it was a proprietary bus, which allowed only IBM to create peripherals and the actual interface. However, in the early 1980s other manufacturers were creating the bus. ISA motherboard Intel,945G ATX Board,945GC ISA Slot Mainboard for Industrial Computer   In 1993, Intel and Microsoft introduced a PnP ISA bus that allowed the computer to automatically detect and setup computer ISA peripherals, such as a modem or sound card. Using the PnP technology, an end-user would have the capability of connecting a device and not having to configure the device using jumpers ...

ISA Motherboard 845GV    History 8-bit XT, 16-bit ISA, EISA (top to bottom) 8-bit XT: Adlib FM Sound card 16-bit ISA: Madge 4/16 Mbps Token Ring NIC 16-bit ISA: Ethernet 10BASE-5/2 NIC 8-bit XT: US Robotics 56k Modem Intel 845GV ISA motherboard,ATX industrial ISA motherboard The original PC bus was developed by a team led by Mark Dean at IBM as part of the IBM PC project in 1981.[2] It was an 8-bit bus based on the I/O bus of the IBM System/23 Datamaster system - it used the same physical connector, and a similar signal protocol and pinout.[3] A 16-bit version, the IBM AT bus, was introduced with the release of the IBM PC/AT in 1984. The AT bus was a mostly backward-compatible extension of the PC bus—the AT bus connector was a superset of the PC bus connector. In 1988, the 32-bit EISA standard was proposed by the "Gang of Nine" group of PC-compatible manufacturers that included Compaq. Compaq created the term Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) to replace PC compatible.[...

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is the 16-bit internal bus of IBM PC/AT and similar computers based on the Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s. The bus was (largely) backward compatible with the 8-bit bus of the 8088-based IBM PC, including the IBM PC/XT as well as IBM PC compatibles. Originally referred to as the PC bus (8-bit) or AT bus (16-bit), it was also termed I/O Channel by IBM. The ISA term was coined as a retronym by IBM PC clone manufacturers in the late 1980s or early 1990s as a reaction to IBM attempts to replace the AT bus with its new and incompatible Micro Channel architecture. ISA Motherboard   945GV-2ISA  The 16-bit ISA bus was also used with 32-bit processors for several years. An attempt to extend it to 32 bits, called Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA), was not very successful, however. Later buses such as VESA Local Bus and PCI were used instead, often along with ISA slots on the same mainboard. Derivatives of the ...

  H.323 https://www.chinaroby.com/ This International Telecommunication Union (ITU) protocol was originally designed to provide an IP transport mechanism for video-conferencing. It has become the standard in IP-based video-conferencing equipment, and it briefly enjoyed fame as a VoIP protocol as well. While there is much heated debate over whether SIP or H.323 (or IAX) will dominate the VoIP protocol world, in Asterisk, H.323 has largely been deprecated in favour of IAX and SIP. H.323 has not enjoyed much success among users and enterprises, although it is still the most widely used VoIP protocol among carriers. The two versions of H.323 supported in Asterisk are handled by the modules chan_h323.so (supplied with Asterisk) and chan_oh323.so (available as a free add-on). You have probably used H.323 without even knowing itMicrosoft's NetMeeting client is arguably the most widely deployed H.323 client. 8.2.3.1. History H.323 was developed by the ITU i...

  SIP The Session Initiation Protocol ( SIP ) has taken the world of VoIP by storm. Originally considered little more than an interesting idea, SIP now seems poised to dethrone the mighty H.323 as the VoIP protocol of choicecertainly at the endpoints of the network. The premise of SIP is that each end of a connection is a peer, and the protocol negotiates capabilities between them. What makes SIP compelling is that it is a relatively simple protocol, with a syntax similar to that of other familiar protocols such as HTTP and SMTP. SIP is supported in Asterisk with the chan_sip.so module. 8.2.2.1. History SIP was originally submitted to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in February of 1996 as "draft-ietf-mmusic-sip-00." The initial draft looked nothing like the SIP we know today and contained only a single request type: a call setup request. In March of 1999, after 11 revisions, SIP RFC 2543 was born. At first, SIP was all but ignored, as H.323 was consider...